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Slight Majority Of U.S. Residents Call Themselves 'Pro-life;' 76% Say Abortion Should Be Legal, Poll Shows
Seventy-six percent of U.S. residents believe that abortion should be legal, a finding in keeping with public opinion over the past three decades, according to a Gallup poll released on Saturday, the AP/Boston Globe reports (AP/Boston Globe, 5/16). However, 51% of respondents identified themselves as "pro-life," while 42% said they are "pro-choice" (Gallup poll, 5/16). The finding marks the first time since Gallup began asking about abortion rights in 1995 that a majority of respondents said they consider themselves "pro-life" (Nadeau, Boston Herald, 5/16). Last year"s poll showed that 50% of respondents consider themselves "pro-choice," compared with 44% who said they are "pro-life" (Abcarian, Los Angeles Times, 5/16).The new poll found that 53% of respondents believe abortion should be legal under some circumstances, 23% believe it should be legal under any circumstances and 22% believe it should be illegal under any circumstances (Boston Herald, 5/16). The percentage of respondents who oppose abortion rights in all cases rose slightly from last year, while those who support abortion rights in all cases decreased slightly. The Los Angeles Times reports that the percentage of respondents who oppose abortion rights in all circumstances and those who support abortion rights in all circumstances is "a virtual tie." The results have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points.Respondents who labeled themselves as moderates and Republicans accounted for most of the change in views compared with past polls, as Democrats" views remained consistent with previous years, according to the Los Angeles Times. Gallup in its analysis wrote that it is "possible" that President Obama "has pushed the public"s understanding of what it means to be "pro-choice" slightly to the left, politically" (Los Angeles Times, 5/16). The survey was conducted between May 7 and May 10 (AP/Boston Globe, 5/16).Nancy Keenan, president of NARAL Pro-Choice America, said, "I am pretty confident that Americans really don"t want Roe v. Wade overturned." She added that the increase in respondents identifying as "pro-life" does not "square with what has happened in the last several elections," noting that voters have rejected several antiabortion-rights ballot measures in South Dakota, California, Oregon and Colorado since 2005. However, Charmaine Yoest, president of Americans United for Life, said, "It tracks pretty much with what we"ve always known: People generally are pro-life depending on how you ask the question" (Los Angeles Times, 5/16).
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Improving The Science Of Systematic Reviews: Introducing The "PRISMA" Statement (Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses)
David Moher, from the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of
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Gladstone Scientists Identify Genetic Factors That Hold Promise For Treatment Of Vascular Diseases
Researchers at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (GICD) have discovered a key switch that makes stem cells turn into the type of muscle cells that reside in the wall of blood vessels. The same switch might be used in the future to limit growth of vascular muscle cells that cause narrowing of arteries leading to heart attacks and strokes, limit formation of blood vessels that feed cancers, or make new blood vessels for organs that are not getting enough blood flow.
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Evaluating The ADHD Medication VYVANSE CII Demonstrated No Change In Pharmacokinetic Profile Of VYVANSE When Coadministered With Prilosec OTC 40 Mg

Shire plc (LSE: SHP, NASDAQ: SHPGY), the global specialty biopharmaceutical company, announced results of a study showing that coadministration of the ADHD medication VYVANSE® (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate) CII with the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Prilosec OTC® 40 mg (20 mg X 2), did not alter the median time it took for maximum plasma concentration of d-amphetamine to be reached in the subjects evaluated. In the same study, coadministration of Prilosec OTC with ADDERALL XR resulted in a nearly 45 percent reduction in the median time to reach maximum plasma concentrations of amphetamine, the active medication. Other pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum plasma concentration and area under curve) of active medication were not altered for either VYVANSE or ADDERALL XR when coadministered with Prilosec OTC. This study, which is the first to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of VYVANSE and ADDERALL XR taken alone and with Prilosec OTC 40 mg, was recently presented at the International Congress on Clinical Pharmacy, co-sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), in Orlando, FL. "Since its approval for ADHD in adults in 2008, VYVANSE has been an important treatment option for physicians treating adult patients seeking significant ADHD symptom control during their busy day," said Jeffrey Jonas, Senior Vice President of Research & Development for the Specialty Pharmaceuticals business at Shire. "This study is the first to evaluate the impact of a proton pump inhibitor on the amphetamine pharmacokinetics of VYVANSE and ADDERALL XR and further supports that, as a prodrug, VYVANSE does not rely on pH for its absorption or conversion." Heartburn is a common problem affecting millions of Americans. Prilosec OTC and other proton pump inhibitors reduce the acidity (increase the pH) in the stomach and are commonly used by millions of adults in the United States who suffer from acid reflux. ADHD is estimated to affect 4.4 percent of US adults aged 18 to 44 based on results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. When this percentage is extrapolated to the full US population aged 18 and over, approximately 9.8 million adults are believed to have ADHD." "These study findings may be of particular significance for adults who are taking an ADHD medication along with a proton pump inhibitor, as proton pump inhibitors tend to decrease the production of acid in the stomach," said Dr. Matthew Brams, a psychiatrist in private practice with Bayou City Research, Ltd. in Houston, TX. "In this study, the conversion of VYVANSE to its active form was not affected when coadministered with Prilosec OTC 40 mg, which relates to the characteristics of VYVANSE as a prodrug stimulant." As a prodrug, VYVANSE is converted to its active form by the body"s natural metabolism. This conversion takes place minimally in the gastrointestinal tract and primarily in the blood. Additional pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the conversion of VYVANSE to active medication is unlikely to be affected by alterations in GI transit times and does not rely on gastric pH. ADDERALL XR has a drug delivery system which utilizes immediate release and pH dependent release beads. This pH-dependent delivery system has one type of bead designed to be released immediately and the other type to be released approximately four hours later in the lower intestine where pH levels are higher. The drug interactions section of the ADDERALL XR product labeling states that coadministration of ADDERALL XR and proton pump inhibitors should be avoided, as these medications act on proton pumps by blocking acid production thereby reducing gastric acidity. About the Study This phase I, open-label, randomized, four-period crossover study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of VYVANSE and ADDERALL XR, alone and with Prilosec OTC 40 mg, among 24 healthy adults aged 18 to 45 years. In the study, subjects were administered single oral doses of VYVANSE 50 mg and ADDERALL XR 20 mg at four-day intervals. Following washout, subjects then began a regimen of 40 mg Prilosec OTC once daily for 14 days. Alternate single doses of VYVANSE 50 mg and ADDERALL XR 20 mg were added on days seven and 11. When ADDERALL XR was administered alone, the median time to maximum plasma amphetamine concentration was five hours. The median time to maximum amphetamine plasma concentration was shortened from five hours to 2.75 hours when ADDERALL XR was coadministered with Prilosec OTC 40 mg. Approximately 57 percent of subjects who received ADDERALL XR with Prilosec OTC had a shortened time to maximum amphetamine plasma concentration of greater than or equal to one hour. When VYVANSE was administered alone, the median time to maximum plasma d-amphetamine concentration was three hours. This remained unchanged when VYVANSE was coadministered with Prilosec OTC. Approximately 25 percent of subjects who received VYVANSE with Prilosec OTC had a shortened time to maximum d-amphetamine plasma concentration of greater than or equal to one hour. The study showed while time to maximum plasma concentration with ADDERALL XR was affected by coadministration with a Prilosec OTC, coadministration with VYVANSE or ADDERALL XR did not affect the maximum plasma concentration or overall exposure to active medication. Safety was also evaluated during the study. The most common (greater than or equal to 5 percent) treatment emergent adverse events associated with VYVANSE were anxiety, vasospasm, headache, dizziness, palpitations, and tachycardia. The most common (greater than or equal to 5 percent) treatment emergent adverse events associated with ADDERALL XR were vasospasm and anxiety. VYVANSE, which was introduced in the United States in July 2007 for the treatment of ADHD in children aged 6 to 12 years and approved in April 2008 to treat ADHD in adults, is currently available in six dosage strengths of 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, and 70 mg. To date, more than 5 million VYVANSE prescriptions have been filled, bringing the current US market share to nearly 12 percent based on weekly branded prescription volume. Additionally, VYVANSE formulary coverage has been positive, with 10 of Shire"s top 11 managed care organizations covering the product in a preferred formulary position. Additional information about VYVANSE and Full Prescribing Information, including the Medication Guide, are available at www.vyvanse.com. Additional information about ADDERALL XR and Full Prescribing Information, including the Medication Guide, are available at www.adderallxr.com. Note: Prilosec OTC is a registered trademark of Procter & Gamble. Shire Plc.


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